U.S.–Mongolia Strategic Partnership at a Crossroads: Pathways for Future Economic Relations
Since its democratic transition in 1990, Mongolia has pursued a "third neighbor" policy to safeguard its sovereignty and diversify its external partnerships beyond Russia and China. The United States has become a central partner in this strategy, with bilateral relations elevated to a strategic partnership in 2019. However, despite strong political symbolism and consistent diplomatic engagement, the relationship remains limited in economic depth and technological integration.